Sistemas de administración de estatinas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis: una revisión de literatura
Resumen
La periodontitis es la inflamación de los tejidos periodontales que puede causar destrucción de los tejidos de soporte del diente, ocasionando pérdida ósea y dental. La periodontitis crónica es causada por bacterias periodontopatógenas como Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitams, Tannerella forsythia y Treponema dentícola, que activan el sistema inmune innato y adaptativo. El tratamiento de la enfermedad periodontal involucra estrategias no quirúrgicas como el raspaje y alisado radicular y tratamiento adjunto que incluye la administración de antibióticos sistémicos y locales como metronidazol, amoxicilina, tetraciclinas, además del uso de estatinas; fármacos utilizados principalmente contra la hiperlipidemia como la simvastatina. El uso de estatinas en la enfermedad periodontal, es dado por su efecto antiinflamatorio, además de estimular la formación ósea, la angiogénesis y su actividad antimicrobiana. Para la aplicación de estos fármacos en el tratamiento de la periodontitis crónica se han utilizado diferentes medios de administración, como: geles, fibras, películas, vesículas, y nanopartículas, destacándose el gel como el sistema preferido para liberar y transportar estatinas, el cual reduce los efectos adversos de la administración sistémica y son más efectivos para la cicatrización ósea. En periodoncia, las estatinas han mostrado una disminución en los parámetros clínicos periodontales después de 6 meses de tratamiento. Sin embargo, existen pocas revisiones temáticas que permitan a la comunidad académica reunir la información pertinente al respecto. Por lo anterior, se vio la necesidad de realizar una revisión de la literatura con el fin de describir los sistemas de administración local y sistémica de estatinas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis.
Referencias
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