COMPLICACIONES EN EL USO DEL HIPOCLORITO DE SODIO DURANTE EL TRATAMIENTO ENDODÓNTICO: UNA REVISIÓN
Palabras clave:
Hipoclorito de sodio, Efectos tóxicos, Complicaciones durante la irrigación
Resumen
La irrigación del conducto radicular juega un papel importante en el debridamiento y desinfección del sistema de conductos, y es una parte integral de los procedimientos de preparación biomecánica. La contaminación bacteriana del conducto radicular es la mayor preocupación en endodoncia; la eliminación de microorganismos y tejido necrótico del conducto radicular es esencial para garantizar el resultado exitoso del tratamiento. Indiferente de la técnica utilizada, particular atención debe ser tenida en cuenta para un apropiado y seguro uso de esta solución química. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la literatura concerniente a la etiología, la sintomatología y las posibles complicaciones durante la irrigación de conducto radicular.
[Ferreira H. Complicaciones en el uso del hipoclorito de sodio durante el tratamiento endodóntico: una revisión. Revista Ustasalud Odontología 2007; 6: 45 - 52]
Referencias
1. Pashley EL, Birdsong NL, Bowman K, Pashley DH. Cytotoxic effects of NaOCl on vital tissue. J Endodon 1985; 11: 525 – 528.
2. Izu KH, Thomas S, Zhang P, Izu AE, Michalek S. Effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite in preventing inoculation of periapical tissues with contaminated patency files. J Endod 2004; 30: 82 - 84.
3. Yesilsoy C, Whitaker E, Cleveland D, Phillips E, Trope M. Antimicrobial and toxic effects of established and potential root canal irrigants. J Endod 1995; 21: 513 – 515.
4. Byström A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriological evaluation of the effect of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983; 55: 307 – 312.
5. Harrison JW. Irrigation of the root canal system. Dent Clin North Am 1984; 28: 797 - 808.
6. Ayhan H, Sultan N, Cirak M, Ruhi MZ, Bodur H. Antimicrobial effect of various endodontic irrigants on selected microorganisms. Int endod J 1999; 32: 99 -102.
7. Bystrom A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the effect of 0.5 percent sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983; 55: 307 – 312.
8. Tanomaru FM, Leonardo MR, Silva LA, Anibal FF, Faccioli LH. Inflammatory response to different endodontic irrigating solutions. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 735 – 739.
9. Gatot A, Arbelle J, Leibermann M, Yanai-Inbar I. Effects of sodium hypochlorite on soft tissues after its inadvertent injection beyond the root apex. J Endodon 1991; 17: 573 – 574.
10. Gernhardt CR, Eppendorf K, Kozlowski A, Brandt M. Toxicity of concentrated sodium hypochlorite used as an endodontic irrigant. Int Endod J 2004; 37: 272 – 280.
11. Spangberg L, Engström B, Langeland K (1973) Biologic effects of dental materials. III. Toxicity and antimicrobial effect of endodontic antiseptics in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973; 36: 856 – 871.
12. Hulsmann M, Hahn W. Complications during root canal irrigation: literature review and case reports. Int Endod J 2000; 33: 186 – 193.
13. Ingram TA. Response of the human eye to accidental exposure to sodium hypochlorite. J Endodon 1990; 16: 235 – 238.
14. Serper A, Ozbek M, Calt S. Accidental sodium hypochlorite-induced skin injury during endodontic treatment. J Endod 2004; 30: 180 – 181.
15. Yarington CT Jr. The experimental causticity of sodium hypochlorite in the esophagus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1970; 79: 895 - 859.
16. Kaufman AY, Keila S. Hypersensitivity to sodium hypochlorite. J Endod 1989; 15: 224 – 226.
17. Caliskan MK, Turkun M, Alper S. Allergy to sodium hypochlorite during root canal therapy: a case report. Int Endod J 1994; 27: 163 - 167.
18. Cohen S, Burns R. Pathways of the pulp. 3er ed. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1984: 411 – 412
19. Sultzberg MB. Dermatologic allergy: an introduction in the form of a series of lectures, IL: Charles C Thomas.
20. Carson KR, Goodell GG, McClanahan SB. Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of six irrigants on primary endodontic pathogens. J Endod 2005; 31: 471-73.
21. Dametto FR, Randi CC, Igueiredo de Almeida Gomes BP, Zaia AA, Teixeira FB, De Souza-Filho FJ. In vitro assessment of the immediate and prolonged antimicrobial action of chlorhexidine gel as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005; 99:768 – 772
22. Herrmann JW, Heicht RC, Complications in therapeutic use of sodium hypochlorite. J Endodon 1979; 5:160.
23. Gursoy UK Bostanci V, Kosger HH. Palatal mucosa necrosis because of accidental sodium hypochlorite injection instead of anaesthetic solution. Int Endod J 2006; 39: 157 – 161.
24. Shih M, Marshall FJ, Rosen S. The bactericidal efficiency of sodium hypochlorite as an endodontic irrigant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1970; 29: 613 - 619.
25. White RR, Hays GL, Janer LR. Residual antimicrobial activities alter canal irrigation with chlorhexidine. J Endod 1977; 23: 229 - 231.
26. Versumer J, Hulssman M, Schafers F. A comparative study of canal preparation using Profile .04 and lightspeed rotary instruments. Int End J 2002; 35: 37 - 46.
27. Esposito PT, Cunningham CJ. A comparison of canal preparation with nickel-titanium and stainless steel instruments. J Endod 1995; 21: 173 – 176.
28. Oncag O, Hosgor M, Hilmioglu S, Zekioglu O, Eronat C, Burhanoglu D. Comparison of antibacterial and toxic effects of various root canal irrigants. Int Endod J 2003; 36: 423 – 432.
29. Heling I, Rotstein I, Dinur T, Szwec-Levine Y, Steinberg D. Bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of sodium hypochlorite and sodium dichloroisocyanurate solutions in vitro. J Endod 2001; 27: 278 – 280.
30. Lambrianidis T, Tosounidou E, Tzoanopoulou M. The effect of maintaining apical patency on periapical extrusion. J Endod 2001; 27: 696 – 698.
31. Becker GL, Cohen S, Borer R. The sequelae of accidentally injecting sodium hypochlorite beyond the root apex.Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology 1974; 38: 633 – 638.
32. Sabala CL, Powell SE. Sodium hypochlorite injection intoperiapical tissues. J Endodon 1989;15: 490 – 492.
33. Hauman CHJ, Chandler NP, Tong DG. Endodontic implications of the maxillary sinus: a review. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 127 - 141.
34. Ehrich DG, Brian JD, Walker WA. Sodium hypochlorite accident: inadvertent injection into the maxillary sinus. J Endodon 1993; 19:180 – 182.
35. Kavanagh CP, Taylor J. Inadvertent injection of sodium hypochlorite into the maxillary sinus. Br Dent J 1998; 185: 336 – 337.
36. Reeh ES, Messer HH. Long term paresthesia following inadvertent forcing of sodium hypochlorite through perforation in maxillary incisor. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989; 5: 200 – 203.
37. Becking AG. Complications in the use of sodium hypochlorite during endodontic treatment: report of three cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol.1991; 71: 346 – 348.
38. Mehra P, Clancy C, Wu J. Formation of a facial hematoma during endodontic therapy. J Am Dent Assoc 2000; 131:67 – 71.
39. Borden JR. Ethunandan M, Brennan, PA. Life-threatening airway obstruction secondary to hypochlorite extrusion during root canal treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006; 101: 402 - 404.
40. Witton R, Brennan PA.Severe tissue damage and neurological deficit following extravasations of sodium hypochlorite solution during routine endodontic treatment. Br Dent J 2005; 198: 749 – 750.
41. Witton R, Henthorn K, Ethunandan M, Brennan PA. Neurological complications following extrusion of sodium hypochlorite solution during root canal treatment. Int Endod J 2005; 38: 843 - 848.
42. Bhat KS. Tissue emphysema caused by hydrogen peroxide. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1974; 38: 304 – 307.
2. Izu KH, Thomas S, Zhang P, Izu AE, Michalek S. Effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite in preventing inoculation of periapical tissues with contaminated patency files. J Endod 2004; 30: 82 - 84.
3. Yesilsoy C, Whitaker E, Cleveland D, Phillips E, Trope M. Antimicrobial and toxic effects of established and potential root canal irrigants. J Endod 1995; 21: 513 – 515.
4. Byström A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriological evaluation of the effect of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983; 55: 307 – 312.
5. Harrison JW. Irrigation of the root canal system. Dent Clin North Am 1984; 28: 797 - 808.
6. Ayhan H, Sultan N, Cirak M, Ruhi MZ, Bodur H. Antimicrobial effect of various endodontic irrigants on selected microorganisms. Int endod J 1999; 32: 99 -102.
7. Bystrom A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the effect of 0.5 percent sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983; 55: 307 – 312.
8. Tanomaru FM, Leonardo MR, Silva LA, Anibal FF, Faccioli LH. Inflammatory response to different endodontic irrigating solutions. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 735 – 739.
9. Gatot A, Arbelle J, Leibermann M, Yanai-Inbar I. Effects of sodium hypochlorite on soft tissues after its inadvertent injection beyond the root apex. J Endodon 1991; 17: 573 – 574.
10. Gernhardt CR, Eppendorf K, Kozlowski A, Brandt M. Toxicity of concentrated sodium hypochlorite used as an endodontic irrigant. Int Endod J 2004; 37: 272 – 280.
11. Spangberg L, Engström B, Langeland K (1973) Biologic effects of dental materials. III. Toxicity and antimicrobial effect of endodontic antiseptics in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973; 36: 856 – 871.
12. Hulsmann M, Hahn W. Complications during root canal irrigation: literature review and case reports. Int Endod J 2000; 33: 186 – 193.
13. Ingram TA. Response of the human eye to accidental exposure to sodium hypochlorite. J Endodon 1990; 16: 235 – 238.
14. Serper A, Ozbek M, Calt S. Accidental sodium hypochlorite-induced skin injury during endodontic treatment. J Endod 2004; 30: 180 – 181.
15. Yarington CT Jr. The experimental causticity of sodium hypochlorite in the esophagus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1970; 79: 895 - 859.
16. Kaufman AY, Keila S. Hypersensitivity to sodium hypochlorite. J Endod 1989; 15: 224 – 226.
17. Caliskan MK, Turkun M, Alper S. Allergy to sodium hypochlorite during root canal therapy: a case report. Int Endod J 1994; 27: 163 - 167.
18. Cohen S, Burns R. Pathways of the pulp. 3er ed. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1984: 411 – 412
19. Sultzberg MB. Dermatologic allergy: an introduction in the form of a series of lectures, IL: Charles C Thomas.
20. Carson KR, Goodell GG, McClanahan SB. Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of six irrigants on primary endodontic pathogens. J Endod 2005; 31: 471-73.
21. Dametto FR, Randi CC, Igueiredo de Almeida Gomes BP, Zaia AA, Teixeira FB, De Souza-Filho FJ. In vitro assessment of the immediate and prolonged antimicrobial action of chlorhexidine gel as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005; 99:768 – 772
22. Herrmann JW, Heicht RC, Complications in therapeutic use of sodium hypochlorite. J Endodon 1979; 5:160.
23. Gursoy UK Bostanci V, Kosger HH. Palatal mucosa necrosis because of accidental sodium hypochlorite injection instead of anaesthetic solution. Int Endod J 2006; 39: 157 – 161.
24. Shih M, Marshall FJ, Rosen S. The bactericidal efficiency of sodium hypochlorite as an endodontic irrigant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1970; 29: 613 - 619.
25. White RR, Hays GL, Janer LR. Residual antimicrobial activities alter canal irrigation with chlorhexidine. J Endod 1977; 23: 229 - 231.
26. Versumer J, Hulssman M, Schafers F. A comparative study of canal preparation using Profile .04 and lightspeed rotary instruments. Int End J 2002; 35: 37 - 46.
27. Esposito PT, Cunningham CJ. A comparison of canal preparation with nickel-titanium and stainless steel instruments. J Endod 1995; 21: 173 – 176.
28. Oncag O, Hosgor M, Hilmioglu S, Zekioglu O, Eronat C, Burhanoglu D. Comparison of antibacterial and toxic effects of various root canal irrigants. Int Endod J 2003; 36: 423 – 432.
29. Heling I, Rotstein I, Dinur T, Szwec-Levine Y, Steinberg D. Bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of sodium hypochlorite and sodium dichloroisocyanurate solutions in vitro. J Endod 2001; 27: 278 – 280.
30. Lambrianidis T, Tosounidou E, Tzoanopoulou M. The effect of maintaining apical patency on periapical extrusion. J Endod 2001; 27: 696 – 698.
31. Becker GL, Cohen S, Borer R. The sequelae of accidentally injecting sodium hypochlorite beyond the root apex.Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology 1974; 38: 633 – 638.
32. Sabala CL, Powell SE. Sodium hypochlorite injection intoperiapical tissues. J Endodon 1989;15: 490 – 492.
33. Hauman CHJ, Chandler NP, Tong DG. Endodontic implications of the maxillary sinus: a review. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 127 - 141.
34. Ehrich DG, Brian JD, Walker WA. Sodium hypochlorite accident: inadvertent injection into the maxillary sinus. J Endodon 1993; 19:180 – 182.
35. Kavanagh CP, Taylor J. Inadvertent injection of sodium hypochlorite into the maxillary sinus. Br Dent J 1998; 185: 336 – 337.
36. Reeh ES, Messer HH. Long term paresthesia following inadvertent forcing of sodium hypochlorite through perforation in maxillary incisor. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989; 5: 200 – 203.
37. Becking AG. Complications in the use of sodium hypochlorite during endodontic treatment: report of three cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol.1991; 71: 346 – 348.
38. Mehra P, Clancy C, Wu J. Formation of a facial hematoma during endodontic therapy. J Am Dent Assoc 2000; 131:67 – 71.
39. Borden JR. Ethunandan M, Brennan, PA. Life-threatening airway obstruction secondary to hypochlorite extrusion during root canal treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006; 101: 402 - 404.
40. Witton R, Brennan PA.Severe tissue damage and neurological deficit following extravasations of sodium hypochlorite solution during routine endodontic treatment. Br Dent J 2005; 198: 749 – 750.
41. Witton R, Henthorn K, Ethunandan M, Brennan PA. Neurological complications following extrusion of sodium hypochlorite solution during root canal treatment. Int Endod J 2005; 38: 843 - 848.
42. Bhat KS. Tissue emphysema caused by hydrogen peroxide. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1974; 38: 304 – 307.
Cómo citar
Ferreira Arquez, H. (1). COMPLICACIONES EN EL USO DEL HIPOCLORITO DE SODIO DURANTE EL TRATAMIENTO ENDODÓNTICO: UNA REVISIÓN. Ustasalud, 6(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15332/us.v6i1.1797
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