BIOMÍMESIS EN ARQUITECTURA E INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
Resumen
La biomímesis tiene una gran cantidad de aplicaciones en prácticamente todos los campos científicos, académicos y profesionales. En las últimas décadas, esta “nueva” ciencia ha tomado mucha fuerza debido a que las aplicaciones que se han llevado a cabo han sido satisfactorias, lo que demuestra el potencial de su uso. En el presente documento se expone sucintamente el significado de biomímesis y se presentan algunas de las aplicaciones que puede tener en el campo de la Arquitectura y de la Ingeniería Civil. Estas aplicaciones están divididas, según el criterio y el interés de los autores en el tema, en tres grandes grupos: la forma, los procesos, y la estructura. Dentro de cada uno de estos grupos se exponen ejemplos concretos que se han implementado, o que se piensan implementar, en el diseño arquitectónico y estructural. Por medio de los ejemplos presentados se puede ver el enorme potencial que puede llegar a tener el uso generalizado de la biomímesis en todo el campo del diseño y la construcción de objetos arquitectónicos.
ABSTRACT
Biomimicry has a huge quantity of applications in almost all scientific, academic and professional fields. In the last decades, this “new” science has taken a lot of strength because of the successful applications that have been carried out, demonstrating the potential of its use. In the present document is exposed, in a concise way, the meaning of biomimicry and is also presented some of the applications that this science can have in the field of Architecture and Civil Engineering. According to the criteria and to the specific interest of the authors, these applications are divided in three principal groups: form, processes and structure. Inside of each one of these groups there are exposed some particular examples that have been implemented, or that are thought to be implemented, in architectonic and structural design. Through these examples it can be seen the great potential that a generalized use of biomimicry in all the field of design and construction of architectural objects can have.
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