ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN PREGNANT AS A RISK FACTOR FOR NON-SYNDROMIC CLEFT LIP AND/OR PALATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15332/us.v11i2.1121Keywords:
Orofacial cleft, Smoking, Anodontia, Risk factorAbstract
Objective: to assess the association between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in pregnant women as a risk factor for cleft lip and / or nonsyndromic cleft palate and hypodontia.
Methods: a cross-sectional study was done with a sample of 79 patients between 4 and 18 years who had been diagnosed with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate. We conducted a survey of mothers, the form from Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAM) was filled out and a panoramic x-ray was taken for every patient. We performed a descriptive analysis, we used the Chi2 test and Fisher exact test for qualitative variables and Student t test or U. Mann Whitney test for quantitative variables. A logistic regression determined the association between the variables smoking and alcohol consumption in the presence of lip and / or non-syndromic cleft palate. An alpha value equal to 0.05 was considered.
Results: 96% of the studied population had lip and/or cleft palate, interacting with the side on which the patient had hypodontia, which was present in 85% of the sample. Hypodontia was found in 85% of the patients with cleft lip, with the upper lateral incisor hypodontia most prevalent in 81% of cases, followed by hypodontia of premolars in 7% of the cases. The 35% of the mothers presented a history of smoking and 43% used to drink alcohol. It was found that pregnant women who consumed alcohol were 1.5 times likely to have a son / daughter with cleft lip and/or palate although this value was not statistically significant [OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.13 - 17.66].
Conclusions: there was no statistically significant value to determine the association between cigarette smoking and alcohol as a risk factor for cleft lip and palate but a positive relationship between these variables was found.
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