Bauschinger effect in orthodontics: a systematic review of available evidence in orthodontics and materials science

Abstract

Introduction: The Bauschinger effect is crucial in the plastic deformation of metals, and considering its impact is essential for the effective application of this property in the manipulation of dental materials. Objective: To determine the available scientific evidence up to the year 2020 on the Bauschinger effect in wires and alloys used in orthodontics, including metallurgy and materials science studies that provide transferable information regarding the mechanical behavior of these materials. Methodology: A rapid systematic literature review was conducted. Studies on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics published in all languages within materials science and engineering from indexed journals, orthodontic databases, other repositories, and snowball searching were included. A qualitative synthesis was performed, and quality was evaluated using the CEBM critical appraisal tool. Results: Eight articles published between 1966 and 2020 were included, of which 3 (37.5%) specifically addressed the effect in orthodontics. Research on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics is limited and not as widely documented as in other fields of engineering and materials science. In a study published in Australia, the authors highlighted the relevance of the Bauschinger effect in 0.016-inch stainless steel wires as a factor with a significant impact on plastic deformation and cyclic stress in their mechanical behavior. Conclusion: Literature on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics is limited, but its implications for the selection, design, and performance of orthodontic wires are significant. Understanding this effect allows for optimizing the clinical performance of materials for effective treatment outcomes.