Reproducibility of the Masmali scale in the assessment of the lagrimal film
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15332/us.v21i1.2585Keywords:
Ferning test, Masmali scale, tear, Dry Eye, tear osmolarityAbstract
Objective: To determine the inter-rater reproducibility of the Masmali scale based on the Ferning Test for the evaluation of tear film.
Materials and methods: An analytical observational study was carried out to evaluate diagnostic tests. The sample consisted of 50 students from the optometry program of the Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga. The osmolarity of the tear film of the individuals was evaluated through the Ferning test. Two observers classified the fern patterns obtained, using the Masmali scale to determine their reproducibility.
Results: the Masmali scale was shown to be a valid tear osmolarity measurement tool; its results are reliable and reproducible. The inter-rater agreement was moderate with a Weighted Kappa of 0.5658 with 88% agreement and a standard error of kappa of 0.0995 and a P value of <0.0001.Conclusions: The Masmali scale based on the Ferning Test proved to be reproducible and reliable considering the results obtained.
Downloads
References
Estudio del tiempo de ruptura lagrimal en una población joven [Internet]. [citado 19 de mayo de 2021]. Disponible en: https://secontactologia.com/revista/revista-2005/06.htm
Foulks GN. Treatment of dry eye disease by the non-ophthalmologist. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008;34(4):987-1000, x. DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2008.08.008
Kantor AP. Actualización clínica en ojo seco para el médico no oftalmólogo. Rev Med Clin Condes. 2010;21(6):883-90. DOI: 10.1016/S0716-8640(10)70613-1
Aguilar A. La hiperosmolaridad del film lagrimal en el ojo seco. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2008;71(6 Supl):69-71. DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27492008000700014
Lemp MA, Foulks G. The Definition & Classification of Dry Eye Disease. 2008 [citado 2021 junio 15]. Available from: https://www.tearfilm.org/pdfs/OM%20-%20Definition%20&%20Classification.pdf
Metodologías para Diagnosticar y Supervisar la Enfermedad de Ojo Seco [Internet]. The Ocular Surface; 2007 [citado 2021 junio 16]. Available from: http://www.ojoseco.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/09/metodologias-para-Diagnosticar-y-supervisar-la-enfermedad-de-ojoseco.pdf
Barrera Castro JD, Rojas DA. Evaluación de la concordancia entre la prueba de schirmer I y la prueba de Schirmer modificado de 1 minuto en estudiantes universitarios [Especialista]. Universidad Santo Tomás; 2020.
Evans KSE, North RV, Purslow C. Tear ferning in contact lens wearers. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2009;29(2):199-204. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00626.x
Masmali AM, Murphy PJ, Purslow C. Development of a new grading scale for tear ferning. Contact Lens Anterior Eye J Br Contact Lens Assoc. 2014;37(3):178-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2013.09.011
Mayorga MT. Diferencias en la variación del helecho lagrimal con el uso de lentes de contacto de hidrogel y de hidrogel de silicona. Cienc Tecnol Para Salud Vis Ocul. 2010;8(2):73-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19052/sv.816
Masmali AM, Purslow C, Murphy PJ. The tear ferning test: a simple clinical technique to evaluate the ocular tear film. Clin Exp Optom. 2014;97(5):399-406. DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12160
Kogbe O, Liotet S, Tiffany JM. Factors responsible for tear ferning. Cornea. 1991;10(5):433-44. DOI: 10.1097/00003226-199109000-00013
Resolución_8430_de_1993.pdf [Internet]. Disponible en: https://www.hospitalsanpedro.org/images/Comite_Investigacion/Resolucion_8430_de_1993.pdf
Cerda L J, Villarroel Del P L. Evaluación de la concordancia inter-observador en investigación pediátrica: Coeficiente de Kappa. Rev chil pediatr. [Internet]. 2008 [citado 2021 may 6] ; 79( 1 ): 54-58. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0370-41062008000100008&lng=es
Durán P, León A, Márquez M, Veloza C, Grisales EV, Rivillas LC, et al. Evaluación de la película lagrimal con métodos diagnósticos invasivos vs método diagnóstico no invasivo. Investigaciones Andina [Internet]. 2006;8(12): . Recuperado de: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=239017506005
Hosaka E, Kawamorita T, Ogasawara Y, Nakayama N, Uozato H, Shimizu K, et al. Interferometry in the Evaluation of Precorneal Tear Film Thickness in Dry Eye. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151(1):18-23.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.07.019
The Definition and Classification of Dry Eye Disease: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop. Ocul Surf. 2007;5(2):75-92. DOI: 10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70081-2
Sharanjeet-Kaur, Ho CY, Mutalib HA, Ghazali AR. The Relationship Between Tear Ferning Patterns and Non-invasive Tear Break-up Time in Normal Asian Population. J Optom. 2016;9(3):175-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2015.10.004
Dutta D, Kim J, Sarkes M, Nath S, Markoulli M. The repeatability of subjective and objective tear ferning assessment and its association with lipid layer thickness, non-invasive tear break-up time and comfort. Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 2019;42(4):420-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2019.04.003
Alanazi SA, Alomran AA, Abusharha A, Fagehi R, Al-Johani N, El-Hiti GA, et al. An assessment of the ocular tear film in patients with thyroid disorders. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019; 13:1019-26. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S210044
Masmali AM, Maeni YA, El-Hiti GA, Murphy PJ, Almubrad T. Investigation of Ocular Tear Ferning in Controlled and Uncontrolled Diabetic Subjects. Eye Contact Lens. 2018;44 Suppl 2:S70-5. DOI: 10.1097 / ICL.0000000000000419
Masmali AM, Al-Bahlal JM, El-Hiti GA, Akhtar S, Purslow C, Murphy PJ, et al. Repeatability and Diurnal Variation of Tear Ferning Test. Eye Contact Lens. septiembre de 2015;41(5):262-7. DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000116
Oriá AP, Lacerda A de J, Raposo ACS, Araújo NLLC, Portela R, Mendonça MA, et al. Comparison of Electrolyte Composition and Crystallization Patterns in Bird and Reptile Tears. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:574. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00574