ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ORAL CLEFTS IN CHILDREN LIVING IN COLOMBIAN MAGDALENA MEDIO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15332/us.v13i1.1395Keywords:
cleft lip, cleft palate, congenital abnormalities, risk factors, agrochemicalsAbstract
Objective: to assess the possible association between environmental factors and the presence of non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in children living in the Colombian Magdalena Medio.
Methods: a case-control study was carried out with 30 mothers of children with CL/P (cases) and 60 mothers of children without any craniofacial alteration (controls). The cases and controls were obtained from a dental clinic in the region mentioned. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic (age, socioeconomic condition, educational level, place of residence before and during the first trimester); pregnancy background (prenatal examinations, diseases, drugs, alcohol and tobacco consumption, psychoactive substances consumption and pesticide exposure), presence of CL/P in the family. Chi-square and Fisher Exact test, Student t test or U Mann Whitney were performed when appropriate. A logistic regression was done to establish the crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR).
Results: the educational level in college category [OR: 0.1 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.70] and the highest socioeconomic condition [OR: 0.07 95% CI: 0.02 - 0.60] were considered as protective factors for CL/P. The results in the logistic regression showed that pesticide exposure [OR: 14.3 95% CI: 4.3 - 47.8] and the presence of CL/P in the family [OR: 5.7 95% CI: 1.3 - 24.9] behaved as risk factor for oral clefts. Diagnostic test for regression model showed a Hosmer-Lemershow test of 4.56 (p=0.1022) indicating a good fit of the model.
Conclusions: exposure to pesticides and the presence of CL/P in the family of the affected child increased the risk for non-syndromic oral clefts.
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References
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