Modelado del proceso de gasificación de biomasa para aprovechamiento energético: una revisión al estado del arte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15332/iteckne.v9i2.2762Palabras clave:
Biomasa, Cinética, Gasificación, Modelado, Redes neuronales, TermoquímicaResumen
El análisis del uso de biomasa como fuente de energía y el desarrollo de las investigaciones relacionadas con el proceso de gasificación; han originado el planteamiento de diversos modelos para explicar y entender este complejo proceso, tanto en su diseño, como en su simulación, optimización y análisis; los cuales van encaminados a satisfacer la necesidad de cuantificar la producción de energía y su eficiencia. Este artículo presenta un análisis de varios modelos de gasificación basados en el equilibrio termodinámico, la cinética y control basado en redes neuronales artificiales.
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[1] Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics: Kinetic model establishment and verification of the biomass gasification fluidised bed. Zhong LD, Mei WH, Hong Z. 2009.
[2] Experimental investigation of a downdraft biomass gasifier. Zainal ZA, Rifau A, Quadir GA, Seetharamu KN. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2002, Vol. v.23:283.
[3] Biomass resources and conversion in Japan: the current situation and projections to 2010 and 2050. Yoshioka T, Hirata S, Matsumura Y, Sakanishi KW. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2005, Vol. p. 29.
[4] INPUT AND OUTPUT CONSTRAINED MULTIPLE-MODELS PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR GASIFIER Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2009 International Conference. Yong Wang, Jun-Hong, Yue, Y. Wang. China : s.n., 12-15 July 2009.
[5] Yang YB, Yamauchi H, Nasserzadeh V, Swithenbank J. Effect of fuel devolatilization on the combustion of wood chips and incineration of simulated municipal wastes in packed bed. s.l. : FUEL, 2003.
[6] X., Li. Biomass gasification in circulating fluidized bed, PhD dissertation. Vancouver, Canada : University of British Columbia, 2002.
[7] ESTATE ESTIMATION-BASED CONTROL OF A COAL GASIFIER. Wilson, J.A. Chew, M. y Jones, W. Reino Unido : Univ. of Nottingham, control Theory and Applications, IEE Proceedings, Vols. v153, p. 268-276.
[8] VEGA. Process Presure transmitter VEGABAR. [En línea] 2010. http://www.vega.com/en/Process_pressure_VEGABAR14.htm.
[9] AN EQUILIBRIUM MODEL FOR BIOMASS GASIFICATION PROCESSES M. RUGGIERO Y G. MANFRIDA. Stecco Facoltá, Sergio. Florence, Italy : Dipartimento di energética. di Ingegneria, Universitá di Firenze. VíaS.Marta 3 Renewable Energy, 1999, Vols. Volume 16, Issues 1-4, January-April 1999.
[10] Stassen HEM, Knoef HAM. Small scale gasification systems. Twente, Netherland : The Netherlands: Biomass Technology Group, University of Twente, 1993.
[11] S., Guerrero C. Sierra F. Ramírez. Procesos de Gasificación de materiales orgánicos. Grupo de investigación en Mecanismos de desarrollo Limpio y gestión Energétic. Bogotá : Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Primera Edición, 2008.
[12] Modelling of a downdraft biomass gasifierwith finite rate kinetics in the reduction zone. Roy PC, Datta A, Chakraborty N. s.l. : Int J Energy Res, 2009, Vol. v.33:51.
[13] Modeling of smoldering process in porous biomass fuel rod. Roshmi A, Murthy J, Hajaligol M. s.l. : Fuel 2004, 2004, Vols. 83:1527–36.
[14] Reed TB, Das A. Handbook of biomass downdraft gasifier engine systems. Colorado : Solar Energy Research Institute, 1988.
[15] Steam gasification of biomass in a fluidised-bed of olivine particles. Rapagna S, Jand N, Kiennemann A, Foscolo PU. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2000, Vols. v.19:187–97.
[16] Biomass gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor: experiments and modeling. Radmanesh R, Chaouki J, Guy C. s.l. : AIChe J, 2006, Vol. v.52:72.
[17] R, Rauch. Biomass gasification to produce synthesis gas for fuels and chemicals, report made for IEA Bioenergy Agreement. s.l. : Task 33: Thermal Gasification of Biomass, 2003.
[18] Energy production from biomass (part 3): gasification technologies. P., McKendry. s.l. : Bioresour Technol, 2002, Vols. v.83:55–63.
[19] Combustion and gasification in fluidized beds. P., Basu. Londres : Combustion and gasification in fluidized beds., 2006.
[20] Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. P, McKendry. s.l. : BioresourTechnol, 2002, Vols. v.83:37–46.
[21] National, Instruments. Legacy NI CompactDAQ Chassis. [En línea] 2011. http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/202545.
[22] Use of neural nets for dynamic modeling and control of chemical process systems. N.P. Bhat, T.J. McAvoy,. s.l. : Computers Chem. Engineering, 1990, Vols. 14-4.
[23] Sustainable biomass power for rural India: Case study of biomass gasifier for village electrification. Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science. N. H. Ravindranath, H. I. Somashekar, S. Dasappa and C. N. Jayasheela Reddy. Bangalore, India : CURRENT SCIENCE, OCTOBER 2004, Vols. v87, NO. 7, 10 .
[24] An assessment of a Biomass Gasification based Power Plant in the Sunderbans. Center For Development and Environment Policy,. Mukhopadhyay, K. Joka, India, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta : Biomass and Bioenergy, 2004, Vol. 27-pp.253 – 264.
[25] Perspectiva de la Comisión Europea en la biomasa y la conversión termoquímica de residuos. Maniatis K, Guiu G, Riesgo J. In: Bridgwater AV : Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and waste, Proceedings of an Expert Meeting, 2002, Vols. pp. 1–18.
[26] An equilibrium model for biomass gasification processes. M. Ruggiero, G. Manfrida. s.l. : Renewable Energy, 1999, Vols. V 16, Issues 1-4, P 106-1109. ISSN 0960- 1481, 10.1016/S0960-1481(98)00429-7.
[27] PSE’97 ESCAPE 7 Symposium. M. Morari, H.L. Lee,. Trondheim, Norway : s.n., 1997.
[28] An experimental study on biomass air–steam gasification in a fluidized bed. Lv PM, Xiong ZH, Chang J, Wu CZ, Chen Y, Zhu JX. s.l. : Bioresour Technol, 2004, Vols. v.95:95–101.
[29] High-temperature air and steam gasification of densified biofuels. Lucas C, Szewczyk D, Blasiak W, Mochida S. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2004, Vol. v.27:563.
[30] Fermentación de las Fuentes de biomasa. Estado actual y sus perspectivas. Lin Y, Tanaka S. s.l. : ApplMicrobiolBiotechnol, 2006.
[31] L, Carlos. High temperature air/steam gasification of biomass in an updraft fixed bed type gasifier. PhD thesis. Stockholm, Sweden : Royal Institute of Technology, Energy Furnace and Technology, 2005.
[32] Kotas, T.J. The exergy method of thermal plant analysi. Malabar : Krieger Pub, 1995. ISBN 0894649418.
[33] Kishore VVN, editor. Renewable energy engineering & technology: a knowledge compendium. New Delhi : TERI Press, 2008.
[34] The air gasification of woody biomass from short rotation forests: PhD Thesis. K., Senelwa. New Zealand : Massey University, 1997.
[35] Identification of a pilot scale fluidised-bed coal gasification unit by using neural networks. J.M. Nougue Â, Y.G. Pan, E. Velo, L. Puigjaner. Barcelona, Spain : Chemical Engineering Department, E.T.S.E.I.B, Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647,, 2000, Vols. E-08028.
[36] J. Ochoa, M. C. Cassanello, P. R. Bonelli and A. L. Cukierman. CO2 gasification of Argentinean coal chars: a kinetic characterization. Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fuentes Alternativas de Materias Primas y Energía (PINMATE). Buenos Aires, Argentina : Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Intendente Guiraldes 2620. Ciudad Universitaria, 2001.
[37] Neural networks for control systems Ð a survey. J. Hunt, D. Sbarbaro, R. Zbikowski, P.J. Gawthrop. s.l. : Automatica, 1992, Vols. 28-6.
[38] J., Sierra F. Guerrero C. Arango. Tecnologías para el Aprovechamiento de los Biocombustibles. Grupo de investigación en Mecanismos de desarrollo Limpio y gestión Energética. Bogotá : Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Primera edición, 2008.
[39] I. Ahmed *, A.K. Gupta. Pyrolysis and gasification of food waste: Syngas characteristics and char gasification kinetics. Maryland, United States : The Combustion Laboratory, University of Maryland, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College Park, 2010. MD 20742.
[40] HBM, España. Celda de pesaje sencilla 5kg a 1Ton. [En línea] 2010. http://www.hbm.com/es/menu/productos/componentes-para-pesaje/celulas-de-carga/single/categorie/weighing-load-cells/product/z6/backPID/load-cells/.
[41] Effect of woody biomass components on air–steam gasification. Hanaoka T, Inoue S, Uno S, Ogi T, Minowa T. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2005, Vols. v28:69–76.
[42] The development of a computer model for a fixed bed gasifieran its use for optimization an control. Gobel B, Henriksen U, Jensen TK, Qvale B, Houbak N. s.l. : BioresourTechnol, 2007, Vol. v.98:52.
[43] Biomass gasification in atmospheric and bubbling fluidized bed: effect of the type of gasifying agent on the product distribution. Gil J, Corella J, Aznar MP, Caballero MA. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 1999, Vols. 17:389– 403. .
[44] Evaluation of cyclone gasifier performance for gasification of sugar cane Residue part 1: gasification of bagasse. Gabra M, Pettersson E, Backman R, Kjellstrom B. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2001, Vol. v.21:351.
[45] Pyrolysis, a promising route for biomass utilization, Bioresource Technology. G. Maschio, C. Koufopanos, A. Lucchesi. s.l. : Bioresource Technology, 1992, Vols. Volume 42, Issue 3, P 219-231. ISSN 0960-8524, 10.1016/0960-8524(92)90025-S.
[46] Kinetic models comparison for steam gasification of different nature fuel chars. Fermoso J, Arias B, Pevida C, Plaza MG, Rubiera F, Pis JJ. s.l. : J Therm Anal Calorim, 2008, Vol. v.91:86.
[47] EMERSON, prosses management. [En línea] 2011. http://www2.emersonprocess.com/en-US/brands/rosemountanalytical/PGA/process-gas-analyzers/XE/ Pages/index.aspx
[48] The kinetics of combustion of chars derived from sewage sludge. Dennis JS, Lambert RS, Milne AJ, Scott SA, Hayhurst AN. s.l. : Fuel 2005, 2005, Vol. v.84:117.
[49] Colombia., Universidad Nacional de. ADVANCED GASIFIERCONTROL v.10. [Downloaded on March 06, 2010 at 08:29:52 EST from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. COMPUTING & CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL] Bogotá : Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad Nacional de Colombia., JUNE 1999.
[50] THE SECOND ALSTOM BENCHMARK CHALLENGE ON GASIFIER CONTROL. Benchmark, Alstom. s.l. : Control Theory and Applications, IEE Proceedings, S.F., Vols. v153, p. 254-261.
[51] Bejan, A., Tsatsaronis, G., Moran, M. Thermal Design and optimization. s.l. : John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
[52] Le Point sur la gazéification de la biomase: DOSSIER COGÉNÉRATION. Francia : Revue Bois Energie , 2003, Vol. N°1/2003.
[53] Diseño y construcción de un gasificador de lecho flui - dizado a escala de laboratorio para el tratamiento tér - mico de los residuos de tabaco. Cuba : Universidad de Pinar del Río, 2005, Vol. P. 20.
[2] Experimental investigation of a downdraft biomass gasifier. Zainal ZA, Rifau A, Quadir GA, Seetharamu KN. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2002, Vol. v.23:283.
[3] Biomass resources and conversion in Japan: the current situation and projections to 2010 and 2050. Yoshioka T, Hirata S, Matsumura Y, Sakanishi KW. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2005, Vol. p. 29.
[4] INPUT AND OUTPUT CONSTRAINED MULTIPLE-MODELS PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR GASIFIER Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2009 International Conference. Yong Wang, Jun-Hong, Yue, Y. Wang. China : s.n., 12-15 July 2009.
[5] Yang YB, Yamauchi H, Nasserzadeh V, Swithenbank J. Effect of fuel devolatilization on the combustion of wood chips and incineration of simulated municipal wastes in packed bed. s.l. : FUEL, 2003.
[6] X., Li. Biomass gasification in circulating fluidized bed, PhD dissertation. Vancouver, Canada : University of British Columbia, 2002.
[7] ESTATE ESTIMATION-BASED CONTROL OF A COAL GASIFIER. Wilson, J.A. Chew, M. y Jones, W. Reino Unido : Univ. of Nottingham, control Theory and Applications, IEE Proceedings, Vols. v153, p. 268-276.
[8] VEGA. Process Presure transmitter VEGABAR. [En línea] 2010. http://www.vega.com/en/Process_pressure_VEGABAR14.htm.
[9] AN EQUILIBRIUM MODEL FOR BIOMASS GASIFICATION PROCESSES M. RUGGIERO Y G. MANFRIDA. Stecco Facoltá, Sergio. Florence, Italy : Dipartimento di energética. di Ingegneria, Universitá di Firenze. VíaS.Marta 3 Renewable Energy, 1999, Vols. Volume 16, Issues 1-4, January-April 1999.
[10] Stassen HEM, Knoef HAM. Small scale gasification systems. Twente, Netherland : The Netherlands: Biomass Technology Group, University of Twente, 1993.
[11] S., Guerrero C. Sierra F. Ramírez. Procesos de Gasificación de materiales orgánicos. Grupo de investigación en Mecanismos de desarrollo Limpio y gestión Energétic. Bogotá : Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Primera Edición, 2008.
[12] Modelling of a downdraft biomass gasifierwith finite rate kinetics in the reduction zone. Roy PC, Datta A, Chakraborty N. s.l. : Int J Energy Res, 2009, Vol. v.33:51.
[13] Modeling of smoldering process in porous biomass fuel rod. Roshmi A, Murthy J, Hajaligol M. s.l. : Fuel 2004, 2004, Vols. 83:1527–36.
[14] Reed TB, Das A. Handbook of biomass downdraft gasifier engine systems. Colorado : Solar Energy Research Institute, 1988.
[15] Steam gasification of biomass in a fluidised-bed of olivine particles. Rapagna S, Jand N, Kiennemann A, Foscolo PU. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2000, Vols. v.19:187–97.
[16] Biomass gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor: experiments and modeling. Radmanesh R, Chaouki J, Guy C. s.l. : AIChe J, 2006, Vol. v.52:72.
[17] R, Rauch. Biomass gasification to produce synthesis gas for fuels and chemicals, report made for IEA Bioenergy Agreement. s.l. : Task 33: Thermal Gasification of Biomass, 2003.
[18] Energy production from biomass (part 3): gasification technologies. P., McKendry. s.l. : Bioresour Technol, 2002, Vols. v.83:55–63.
[19] Combustion and gasification in fluidized beds. P., Basu. Londres : Combustion and gasification in fluidized beds., 2006.
[20] Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. P, McKendry. s.l. : BioresourTechnol, 2002, Vols. v.83:37–46.
[21] National, Instruments. Legacy NI CompactDAQ Chassis. [En línea] 2011. http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/202545.
[22] Use of neural nets for dynamic modeling and control of chemical process systems. N.P. Bhat, T.J. McAvoy,. s.l. : Computers Chem. Engineering, 1990, Vols. 14-4.
[23] Sustainable biomass power for rural India: Case study of biomass gasifier for village electrification. Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science. N. H. Ravindranath, H. I. Somashekar, S. Dasappa and C. N. Jayasheela Reddy. Bangalore, India : CURRENT SCIENCE, OCTOBER 2004, Vols. v87, NO. 7, 10 .
[24] An assessment of a Biomass Gasification based Power Plant in the Sunderbans. Center For Development and Environment Policy,. Mukhopadhyay, K. Joka, India, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta : Biomass and Bioenergy, 2004, Vol. 27-pp.253 – 264.
[25] Perspectiva de la Comisión Europea en la biomasa y la conversión termoquímica de residuos. Maniatis K, Guiu G, Riesgo J. In: Bridgwater AV : Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and waste, Proceedings of an Expert Meeting, 2002, Vols. pp. 1–18.
[26] An equilibrium model for biomass gasification processes. M. Ruggiero, G. Manfrida. s.l. : Renewable Energy, 1999, Vols. V 16, Issues 1-4, P 106-1109. ISSN 0960- 1481, 10.1016/S0960-1481(98)00429-7.
[27] PSE’97 ESCAPE 7 Symposium. M. Morari, H.L. Lee,. Trondheim, Norway : s.n., 1997.
[28] An experimental study on biomass air–steam gasification in a fluidized bed. Lv PM, Xiong ZH, Chang J, Wu CZ, Chen Y, Zhu JX. s.l. : Bioresour Technol, 2004, Vols. v.95:95–101.
[29] High-temperature air and steam gasification of densified biofuels. Lucas C, Szewczyk D, Blasiak W, Mochida S. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2004, Vol. v.27:563.
[30] Fermentación de las Fuentes de biomasa. Estado actual y sus perspectivas. Lin Y, Tanaka S. s.l. : ApplMicrobiolBiotechnol, 2006.
[31] L, Carlos. High temperature air/steam gasification of biomass in an updraft fixed bed type gasifier. PhD thesis. Stockholm, Sweden : Royal Institute of Technology, Energy Furnace and Technology, 2005.
[32] Kotas, T.J. The exergy method of thermal plant analysi. Malabar : Krieger Pub, 1995. ISBN 0894649418.
[33] Kishore VVN, editor. Renewable energy engineering & technology: a knowledge compendium. New Delhi : TERI Press, 2008.
[34] The air gasification of woody biomass from short rotation forests: PhD Thesis. K., Senelwa. New Zealand : Massey University, 1997.
[35] Identification of a pilot scale fluidised-bed coal gasification unit by using neural networks. J.M. Nougue Â, Y.G. Pan, E. Velo, L. Puigjaner. Barcelona, Spain : Chemical Engineering Department, E.T.S.E.I.B, Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647,, 2000, Vols. E-08028.
[36] J. Ochoa, M. C. Cassanello, P. R. Bonelli and A. L. Cukierman. CO2 gasification of Argentinean coal chars: a kinetic characterization. Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fuentes Alternativas de Materias Primas y Energía (PINMATE). Buenos Aires, Argentina : Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Intendente Guiraldes 2620. Ciudad Universitaria, 2001.
[37] Neural networks for control systems Ð a survey. J. Hunt, D. Sbarbaro, R. Zbikowski, P.J. Gawthrop. s.l. : Automatica, 1992, Vols. 28-6.
[38] J., Sierra F. Guerrero C. Arango. Tecnologías para el Aprovechamiento de los Biocombustibles. Grupo de investigación en Mecanismos de desarrollo Limpio y gestión Energética. Bogotá : Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Primera edición, 2008.
[39] I. Ahmed *, A.K. Gupta. Pyrolysis and gasification of food waste: Syngas characteristics and char gasification kinetics. Maryland, United States : The Combustion Laboratory, University of Maryland, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College Park, 2010. MD 20742.
[40] HBM, España. Celda de pesaje sencilla 5kg a 1Ton. [En línea] 2010. http://www.hbm.com/es/menu/productos/componentes-para-pesaje/celulas-de-carga/single/categorie/weighing-load-cells/product/z6/backPID/load-cells/.
[41] Effect of woody biomass components on air–steam gasification. Hanaoka T, Inoue S, Uno S, Ogi T, Minowa T. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2005, Vols. v28:69–76.
[42] The development of a computer model for a fixed bed gasifieran its use for optimization an control. Gobel B, Henriksen U, Jensen TK, Qvale B, Houbak N. s.l. : BioresourTechnol, 2007, Vol. v.98:52.
[43] Biomass gasification in atmospheric and bubbling fluidized bed: effect of the type of gasifying agent on the product distribution. Gil J, Corella J, Aznar MP, Caballero MA. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 1999, Vols. 17:389– 403. .
[44] Evaluation of cyclone gasifier performance for gasification of sugar cane Residue part 1: gasification of bagasse. Gabra M, Pettersson E, Backman R, Kjellstrom B. s.l. : Biomass Bioenergy, 2001, Vol. v.21:351.
[45] Pyrolysis, a promising route for biomass utilization, Bioresource Technology. G. Maschio, C. Koufopanos, A. Lucchesi. s.l. : Bioresource Technology, 1992, Vols. Volume 42, Issue 3, P 219-231. ISSN 0960-8524, 10.1016/0960-8524(92)90025-S.
[46] Kinetic models comparison for steam gasification of different nature fuel chars. Fermoso J, Arias B, Pevida C, Plaza MG, Rubiera F, Pis JJ. s.l. : J Therm Anal Calorim, 2008, Vol. v.91:86.
[47] EMERSON, prosses management. [En línea] 2011. http://www2.emersonprocess.com/en-US/brands/rosemountanalytical/PGA/process-gas-analyzers/XE/ Pages/index.aspx
[48] The kinetics of combustion of chars derived from sewage sludge. Dennis JS, Lambert RS, Milne AJ, Scott SA, Hayhurst AN. s.l. : Fuel 2005, 2005, Vol. v.84:117.
[49] Colombia., Universidad Nacional de. ADVANCED GASIFIERCONTROL v.10. [Downloaded on March 06, 2010 at 08:29:52 EST from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. COMPUTING & CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL] Bogotá : Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad Nacional de Colombia., JUNE 1999.
[50] THE SECOND ALSTOM BENCHMARK CHALLENGE ON GASIFIER CONTROL. Benchmark, Alstom. s.l. : Control Theory and Applications, IEE Proceedings, S.F., Vols. v153, p. 254-261.
[51] Bejan, A., Tsatsaronis, G., Moran, M. Thermal Design and optimization. s.l. : John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
[52] Le Point sur la gazéification de la biomase: DOSSIER COGÉNÉRATION. Francia : Revue Bois Energie , 2003, Vol. N°1/2003.
[53] Diseño y construcción de un gasificador de lecho flui - dizado a escala de laboratorio para el tratamiento tér - mico de los residuos de tabaco. Cuba : Universidad de Pinar del Río, 2005, Vol. P. 20.
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Publicado
2012-07-01
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Castellanos, J. U., Sierra Vargas, F. E., & Guerrero Fajardo, C. A. (2012). Modelado del proceso de gasificación de biomasa para aprovechamiento energético: una revisión al estado del arte. ITECKNE, 9(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.15332/iteckne.v9i2.2762
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