Efectos de la teoría sociocultural de Vygotsky en el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua y aporte lingüístico
Resumen
Objetivo. El presente artículo de reflexión se deriva del Diplomado en Actualización de Prácticas de Enseñanza del Inglés con énfasis en el Diseño de Experiencias de Aprendizaje, el cual tuvo lugar en la Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia. Tiene como objetivo suscitar una reflexión acerca del papel fundamental del input comprensible y las interacciones sociales entre los estudiantes de una segunda lengua, docentes y compañeros en un espacio de aprendizaje significativo. Adicionalmente, un modelo de enseñanza revolucionario llamado SIOP para estudiantes de inglés será descrito en términos de su definición, justificación y aplicación al aula de clase.
Metodología. El enfoque está enmarcado en la investigación documental que desde una visión hermenéutica hace referencia no solo a la metodología, tareas y recursos utilizados para la adquisición de una segunda lengua en un escenario académico formal, sino también al aporte lingüístico apropiado con el cual los aprendices deben interactuar con el fin de alcanzar procesos de pensamiento complejos y desarrollar habilidades comunicativas sobresalientes. Los resultados de esta profundización conceptual, enfocada en la teoría sociocultural elaborada por el sicólogo Lev Vygotsky, han permitido examinar cómo se aprende una segunda lengua exitosamente, si los docentes intentan manipular el input adecuadamente por medio de estrategias de soporte o andamiaje, las cuales están diseñadas para ofrecer apoyo a los estudiantes a lo largo de su proceso de aprendizaje hasta que puedan progresivamente deshacerse de ellas.
Resultados. Los aportes de la Teoría Sociocultural de Vygotsky en el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua llevan a sugerir el SIOP como un nuevo enfoque hacia la enseñanza del inglés. Esta estrategia se enfoca en el uso del input comprensible que está significativamente por encima del nivel de competencia de los estudiantes, así como en las múltiples interacciones a diferente nivel a lo largo de la clase, desde la preparación y la instrucción hasta la etapa de evaluación.
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