No es tiempo de héroes. Acerca de la memoria colectiva multidireccional y la honra a las víctimas
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https://doi.org/10.15332/iust.v24iEspecial.3297Palabras clave:
Memoria colectiva, Víctimas, Posguerra, Multidireccionalidad, RevictimizaciónResumen
Se propone desarrollar cinco puntos concretos en torno a una idea central: no es el momento de vanagloriar figuras heroicas, de inventar superhombres, de levantar dioses encarnados o de exaltar personajes mesiánicos que la posguerra suele producir (llámense militares, presidentes, líderes religiosos o comandantes, sin importar la etiqueta que se les asigne). La tarea que hoy nos corresponde es otra: recordar a los muertos, a los inocentes; proteger el recuerdo de los débiles y magnificar el sacrificio de las víctimas que padecieron los horrores del pasado. Estamos, en definitiva, en la era de la memoria colectiva, una memoria que no glorifica vencedores, sino que dignifica el legado de las víctimas. En la primera parte se examinará por qué sigue siendo pertinente reflexionar sobre el valor de la memoria, diferenciándola del simple recuerdo y destacando que no es banal discutirlo. En segundo lugar, se analizará la memoria colectiva en su carácter dinámico, como experiencia vivida que, con el tiempo, se convierte en norma social. Un tercer apartado abordará la tensión entre historia y memoria, defendiendo que ninguna reemplaza a la otra, pues no existe subsunción posible, sino complementariedad. En cuarto término, se resaltará el carácter multidireccional de la memoria, nutrida de voces diversas que deben ser negociadas y nunca impuestas o convertidas en militancia. Finalmente, se advertirá sobre un desafío particular: la dificultad de recordar la violencia contra las mujeres sin un enfoque de género, riesgo que puede desembocar en la (cruel) ironía de una revictimización al narrar la violación como arma de guerra.
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