Evaluation of operating and mixing conditions of a polymer dispersion co-vinyl acetate and ester acrylic to obtain recovered leather
Abstract
This paper presents the development of an experimental design that evaluated the operating conditions of the process to obtain binded recovered leather sheets. Preliminary tests were performed to obtain the material, and to select the process variables that affected the most the bonded leather sheet final properties. Then, an experimental design type 2k was run, where k = 4 variables corresponding to the percentage by weight of water mass ratio of binder leather, pressure, and curing temperature. The obtained material was characterized by tensile test, percentage compressibility, tear strength, and water absorption percentage. The result showed that the main factors that optimize the response variables in the levels studied were: the curing temperature in the low value and the amount of binder in the high level, whereas for the water absorption rate was also significant amount of water added during the process. The properties of the material obtained were compared to commercial shoe insoles and the results were superior on: tear resistance, compressibility and percentage rate of water absorption. Finally, it was concluded that through the implementation of the recycling process suggested, recovered leather sheets properties would allow industrial application
Downloads
References
[2] VERGARA, Marisol V. POIRRIER, Paola. TORRES, Rodrigo. Influencia del porcentaje de solidos totales y nutriente en la cinética de biodegradación de sustratos orgánicos. Centro de estudios e investigaciones ambientales (CEIAM). Universidad industrial de Santander y Colciencias. Octubre de 2009 Disponible en: http://ciia.uniandes.edu.co/ Simabiotpresent/DIA%201/7.%20Vergara.pdf.
[3] Asociación Colombiana de Industriales de Calzado, el Cuero y sus Manufacturas. ACICAM. ¨Informe Sectorial Enero a diciembre de 2010¨ Febrero de 2011. Bogotá. Colombia. Disponible en internet: http://www.acicam. org/documents/comovaelsectorDICIEMBRE2010.pdf.
[4] YEHUDA FRIEDMANN. Method of Producing A New Material From Waste Leather. U.S Patent Office # 2827413. Mar 18, 1958
[5] FRANK WOODRUFF. Artificial Leather Manufacture. U.S Patent Office # 1945173. Jan 30, 1934
[6] BEVAN, Graham, FORMATION OF SHEET MATERIAL USING HYDROENTANGLEMENT. United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office. WO/2001/094673,Dec 12, 2001
[7] J. YANIK, O.YILMAZ, I.C. KANDARLI, M.YUKSEL, M.SAGLAM. Conversion of leather waste to useful products. Resources, Conservation and Recycling.Vol.49, 436-448. (2007).
[8] KINDLEIN W., ALVES L.H., SEADI GUANABARA A. Proposal of wet blue leather remainder and synthetic fabrics reuse. Journal of cleaner productions. 2007, P. 1-6
[9] United States Patent. Patent number 4, 287,252. DIMITER, S. Reconstituted leather and method of manufacture. Appl. 184,656. Sep 1, 1981
[10] US Patent Number 4,497,871. HENKE, E.W. Reconstituted leather and method of manufacturing same. Appl. 489,001. Feb 5, 1985
[11] World Intellectual Property organization International Bureau. Appl.No. 98/18863. DA FONTE, J. Process of recycling leather residues and Productions of composite materials. Appl. Pct. / pt97/00008. May 7, 1998
[12] United States Patent 5,958,554. ADDIE, B., FALLS, C. Reconstituted leather product and process. Appl. 08/658,682. Sep 28, 1999
[13] YILDIRIM ERBIL, H. 2008.Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Polymerization and Copolymerization whit Acrylic Monomers. Vinyl Acetate Copolymerization whit Acrylic Monomers. Recuperado de la base de la base de datos CRCnetBase
[14] GEDDES, K. Polyvinyl and Ethylene Vinyl Acetates. En: PIZZI, A. MUTTAL, K.L. En: Handbook of Adhesives Technology. 2ª ed., New York. Cap. 35. Recuperado de la base de datos CRCnetBase. 2003.
[15] KEIMEL, A. Historical Development of Adhesives and Adhesive Bonding. En: Handbook of adhesive Technology. 2ª ed., New York. Cap. 1. Recuperado de la base de datos CRCnetBase. 2003.
[16] DAMICO Denis, J. Reactive Acrylic Adhesives. En: PIZZI, A. MUTTAL, K.L. Handbook of Adhesives Technology. 2ª ed., New York. Cap. 38. 2003.
[17] MONTGOMERY, Douglas C. y RUNGER, George C. Applied statistics and probability for engineers. 3ª ed., Arizona. John Wiley & Sons Inc. 706p. 2003.
[18] El portal del cuero. Disponible en: http://www.portaldelcuero.com/informa/informa04.asp.
[19] SILVA Paulina. Propiedades físicas y químicas del cuero para calzado de seguridad. Tecnología en Marcha. Vol. 18-1, 2005. pp 37 - 47.
[20] TURTON, Richard and others. Analysis, Synthesis and design of chemical processes. 3a ed. New Jersey, Prentice Hall. 1068p. 1998
[21] Entrevista telefónica: Polímeros y derivados. León, Gto. México. 20
