Uso del midazolam en el control y manejo de la ansiedad en niños durante la atención odontológica: una revisión bibliográfica
Palabras clave:
Ansiedad dental, sedación consciente, midazolam, odontopediatría
Resumen
Cuando las técnicas de manejo del comportamiento en niños no son suficientes puede ser necesario utilizar técnicas avanzadas como la sedación consciente; uno de los fármacos más usados para este propósito es el Midazolam. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la evidencia científica actual sobre la efectividad del Midazolam para su uso en odontopediatría.
Para llevar a cabo este estudio se consultaron bases de datos como Pubmed, Scielo, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library y Google Académico, teniendo como límites de búsqueda documentos publicados entre el 2005 y el 2015 en idioma inglés o español. Se consideraron artículos de revisión, ensayos clínicos y estudios de series de caso.
Se concluyó que la sedación con Midazolam, es una técnica válida, segura y eficiente para controlar la ansiedad en niños siempre y cuando sean respetados los regímenes de administración propuestos y contar con el equipamiento y conocimiento necesarios.
Referencias
1. Alaki S, Alotaibi A, Almabadi E, Alanquri E. Dental anxiety in middle school children and their caregivers: Prevalence and severity. J. Dent. Oral Hyg. 2012;4(1):6-11. doi: 10.5897/JDOH11.019
2. Gupta A, Marya CM, Bhatia HP, Dahiya V. Behaviour management of an anxious child. Stomatologija. 2014;16(1):3-6.
3. Shahnavaz S, Hedman E, Grindefjord M, Reuterskiold L, Dahllof G. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children with Dental Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JDR Clinical & Translational Research. 2016;1(3):234-43. doi: 10.1177/238008441666147
4. Armfield JM, Heaton L. Management of fear and anxiety in the dental clinic: a review. Aust Dent J. 2013;58(4):390-407. doi: 10.1111/adj.12118.
5. Peretz B, Nazarian Y, Bimstein E. Dental anxiety in a students’ paediatric dental clinic: children, parents and students. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2004;14(3):192-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2004.00545.x
6. Singh H, Rehman R, Kadtane S, Dalai DR, Jain CD. Techniques for the behaviors management in pediatric dentistry. International Journal of Scientific Study. 2014;2(7):269-72.
7. McWhorter AG. Treatment planning for the pediatric patient. Tex Dent J. 2010;127(12):1275-80.
8. Walley S, Albadri S. Undergraduates’ perceptions of the value of practical inhalation sedation experience in a UK dental school. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(5):371-6. doi: 10.1007/s40368-014-0173-5.
9. Wilson S. Management of child patient behavior: quality of care, fear and anxiety, and the child patient. J Endod. 2013;39(3):S73-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.040.
10. Rojano-Santillan A, Martinez-Ruiz V, Pizano-Damasco M, Banderas-Tarabay J. Dosis efectiva de Midazolam para sedacion consciente en estomatologia pediatrica. Revista ADM. 2004;61(4):130-136.
11. Shavlokhova EA, Ostreikov IF, Korolenkova MV. Sedation with midazolam for ambulatory pediatric dentistry. Anesteziol Reanimatol. 2014;59(5):48-52.
12. Oliver K, Manton DJ. Contemporary behavior management techniques in clinical pediatric dentistry: out with the old and in with the new?. J Dent Child. 2015;82(1):22-8.
13. Kupietzky A, Houpt MI. Midazolam: A review of its use for conscious sedation in children. Pediatr Dent. 1993;15:237.
14. Abed HH. Practical Conscious Sedation. Saudi Med J. 2017;38(7):772.
15. Siddiqui F. Anesthesia-related mortality in pediatric patients in dental office setting. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2017;35(2):184. doi: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_108_16.
16. Jackson DL, Johnson BS. Conscious sedation for dentistry: risk management and patient selection. Dent Clin North Am. 2002;46(4):767-80. doi: 10.1016/S0011-8532(02)00034-4
17. Hosey M, UK National Clinical Guidelines in Pediatric Dentistry. Managing anxious children: the use of conscious sedation in paediatric dentistry. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2002;12(5):359-72. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-263X.2002.03791.x
18. Yonel Z, Asuni A, Taneja P. Defining Over-Sedation: Literature Review and National Survey of Dental Hospitals Within the United Kingdom. SAAD Dig. 2016;32:28-33.
19. American Academy of Pediatrics, Cote CJ, Wilson S, Work Group on Sedation. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: an update. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):2587-602.
20. Yagiela JA, Cote CJ, Notterman DA, Karl HW, Weinberg JA, McCloskey C. Adverse sedation events in pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2001;107(6):1494. doi: 10.1542/peds.107.6.1494
21. Attri JP, Sharan R, Makkar V, Gupta KK, Khetarpal R, Kataria AP. Conscious sedation: Emerging trends in pediatric dentistry. Anesthesia: Essays and Researches. 2017;11(2):277. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.171458.
22. Álvarez AM, Álvarez M. Sedación oral: fundamentos clínicos para su aplicación en odontología. Revista CES Odontología. 2006;19(2):61-73.
23. Beach ML, Cohen DM, Gallagher SM, Cravero JP. Major Adverse Events and Relationship to “Nil per Os” Status in Pediatric Sedation/Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room: A Report of the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Surv Anesthesiol. 2016;60(5):203. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000933.
24. Coulthard P. Conscious sedation guidance. Evid Based Dent. 2006;7(4):90. doi:10.1038/sj.ebd.6400441.
25. Sheahan C, Mathews D. Monitoring and delivery of sedation. Br J Anaesth. 2014;113(2):ii37-ii47. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeu378.
26. Seymour RA. Pharmacology and therapeutics in dentistry. Periodontol. 2000 2008;46(1):7-8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00237.x
27. Somri M, Matter I, Hadjittofi C, Hoash N, Moaddi B, Kharouba J et al. Detection of Respiratory Adverse Events in Pediatric Dental Patients Sedated With 0.75 mg/Kg of Midazolam and Oxygen by Continuous Pretracheal Auscultation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;41(2):154-60. doi: 10.17796/1053-4628-41.2.154.
28. Gentz R, Casamassimo P, Amini H, Claman D, Smiley M. Safety and Efficacy of 3 Pediatric Midazolam Moderate Sedation Regimens. Anesth Prog. 2017;64(2):66-72. doi: 10.2344/anpr-64-02-04.
29. López-Vantour A, Aroche-Arzuaga A, Bestard-Romero J, Ocaña-Fontela N. Uso y abuso de las benzodiazepinas. Medisan. 2010;14(4):555-66.
30. Kuang H, Johnson JA, Mulqueen JM, Bloch MH. The efficacy of benzodiazepines as acute anxiolytics in children: A meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety. 2017;34(10):888-96 doi: 10.1002/da.22643.
31. Buffett-Jerrott S, Stewart S. Cognitive and sedative effects of benzodiazepine use. Curr Pharm Des. 2002;8(1):45-58. doi: 10.2174/1381612023396654.
32. McMillan C, Spahr-Schopfer I, Sikich N, Hartley E, Lerman J. Premedication of children with oral midazolam. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 1992;39(6):545-50.
33. Tavassoli-Hojjati S, Mehran M, Haghgoo R, Tohid-Rahbari M, Ahmadi R. Comparison of oral and buccal midazolam for pediatric dental sedation: a randomized, crossover, clinical trial for efficacy, acceptance and safety. Iran J Pediatr. 2014;24(2):198-206.
34. Salem K, Kamranzadeh S, Kousha M, Shaeghi S, AbdollahGorgi F. Two Oral Midazolam Preparations in Pediatric Dental Patients: A Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial. Int J Pediatr. 2015;2015:1-7. doi: 10.1155/2015/349795.
35. Houpt MI, Rosivack RG, Rozenfarb N, Koenigsberg SR. Effects of nitrous oxide on chloral hydrate sedation of young children. Anesth Prog. 1986;33(6):298-302.
36. Somri M, Parisinos CA, Kharouba J, Cherni N, Smidt A, Abu Ras Z et al. Optimising the dose of oral midazolam sedation for dental procedures in children: a prospective, randomised, and controlled study. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2012;22(4):271-279. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2011.01192.x.
37. Ascanio K, Núñez M. Sedación consciente en tratamiento odontológico: Efectividad de dos medicaciones en niños. Revista Científica Odontología Sanmarquina. Odontología Sanmarquina. 2009;12(2):52-6.
38. Bravo M, Flores Z, Barradas V. Operatoria dental con sedación en preescolares. Revista de la Asociación Dental Mexicana. 2009;66(3):34-9.
39. Mateo M. Premedicación anestésica con Midazolam en niños en el Hospital Regional de Ica, Perú. 2007-2008. Revista Médica Panacea. 2015;2(2):40-4.
40. Oriolo R, Sanabria JG, Oriolo L. Eficacia del Midazolam contra la ansiedad en niños de 1-3 años sometidos a cirugía. Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. 2014;18(3):388-400.
41. 41. Lourenço‐Matharu L, Ashley PF, Furness S. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. The Cochrane Library. 2012;(3):1-105. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003877.
42. Papineni A, Lourenço‐Matharu L, Ashley PF. Safety of oral midazolam sedation use in paediatric dentistry: a review. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2014;24(1):2-13. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12017.
43. Ritwik P, Cao LT, Curran R, Musselman RJ. Post-sedation events in children sedated for dental care. Anesth Prog. 2013;60(2):54-9. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-60.2.54.
44. Lee HH, Milgrom P, Starks H, Burke W. Trends in death associated with pediatric dental sedation and general anesthesia. Pediatric Anesthesia. 2013;23(8):741-6. doi: 10.1111/pan.12210.
45. Alzahrani AM, Wyne AH. Use of oral Midazolam sedation in pediatric dentistry: a Review. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal. 2012;32(3):444-5.
2. Gupta A, Marya CM, Bhatia HP, Dahiya V. Behaviour management of an anxious child. Stomatologija. 2014;16(1):3-6.
3. Shahnavaz S, Hedman E, Grindefjord M, Reuterskiold L, Dahllof G. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children with Dental Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JDR Clinical & Translational Research. 2016;1(3):234-43. doi: 10.1177/238008441666147
4. Armfield JM, Heaton L. Management of fear and anxiety in the dental clinic: a review. Aust Dent J. 2013;58(4):390-407. doi: 10.1111/adj.12118.
5. Peretz B, Nazarian Y, Bimstein E. Dental anxiety in a students’ paediatric dental clinic: children, parents and students. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2004;14(3):192-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2004.00545.x
6. Singh H, Rehman R, Kadtane S, Dalai DR, Jain CD. Techniques for the behaviors management in pediatric dentistry. International Journal of Scientific Study. 2014;2(7):269-72.
7. McWhorter AG. Treatment planning for the pediatric patient. Tex Dent J. 2010;127(12):1275-80.
8. Walley S, Albadri S. Undergraduates’ perceptions of the value of practical inhalation sedation experience in a UK dental school. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(5):371-6. doi: 10.1007/s40368-014-0173-5.
9. Wilson S. Management of child patient behavior: quality of care, fear and anxiety, and the child patient. J Endod. 2013;39(3):S73-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.040.
10. Rojano-Santillan A, Martinez-Ruiz V, Pizano-Damasco M, Banderas-Tarabay J. Dosis efectiva de Midazolam para sedacion consciente en estomatologia pediatrica. Revista ADM. 2004;61(4):130-136.
11. Shavlokhova EA, Ostreikov IF, Korolenkova MV. Sedation with midazolam for ambulatory pediatric dentistry. Anesteziol Reanimatol. 2014;59(5):48-52.
12. Oliver K, Manton DJ. Contemporary behavior management techniques in clinical pediatric dentistry: out with the old and in with the new?. J Dent Child. 2015;82(1):22-8.
13. Kupietzky A, Houpt MI. Midazolam: A review of its use for conscious sedation in children. Pediatr Dent. 1993;15:237.
14. Abed HH. Practical Conscious Sedation. Saudi Med J. 2017;38(7):772.
15. Siddiqui F. Anesthesia-related mortality in pediatric patients in dental office setting. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2017;35(2):184. doi: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_108_16.
16. Jackson DL, Johnson BS. Conscious sedation for dentistry: risk management and patient selection. Dent Clin North Am. 2002;46(4):767-80. doi: 10.1016/S0011-8532(02)00034-4
17. Hosey M, UK National Clinical Guidelines in Pediatric Dentistry. Managing anxious children: the use of conscious sedation in paediatric dentistry. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2002;12(5):359-72. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-263X.2002.03791.x
18. Yonel Z, Asuni A, Taneja P. Defining Over-Sedation: Literature Review and National Survey of Dental Hospitals Within the United Kingdom. SAAD Dig. 2016;32:28-33.
19. American Academy of Pediatrics, Cote CJ, Wilson S, Work Group on Sedation. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: an update. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):2587-602.
20. Yagiela JA, Cote CJ, Notterman DA, Karl HW, Weinberg JA, McCloskey C. Adverse sedation events in pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2001;107(6):1494. doi: 10.1542/peds.107.6.1494
21. Attri JP, Sharan R, Makkar V, Gupta KK, Khetarpal R, Kataria AP. Conscious sedation: Emerging trends in pediatric dentistry. Anesthesia: Essays and Researches. 2017;11(2):277. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.171458.
22. Álvarez AM, Álvarez M. Sedación oral: fundamentos clínicos para su aplicación en odontología. Revista CES Odontología. 2006;19(2):61-73.
23. Beach ML, Cohen DM, Gallagher SM, Cravero JP. Major Adverse Events and Relationship to “Nil per Os” Status in Pediatric Sedation/Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room: A Report of the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Surv Anesthesiol. 2016;60(5):203. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000933.
24. Coulthard P. Conscious sedation guidance. Evid Based Dent. 2006;7(4):90. doi:10.1038/sj.ebd.6400441.
25. Sheahan C, Mathews D. Monitoring and delivery of sedation. Br J Anaesth. 2014;113(2):ii37-ii47. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeu378.
26. Seymour RA. Pharmacology and therapeutics in dentistry. Periodontol. 2000 2008;46(1):7-8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00237.x
27. Somri M, Matter I, Hadjittofi C, Hoash N, Moaddi B, Kharouba J et al. Detection of Respiratory Adverse Events in Pediatric Dental Patients Sedated With 0.75 mg/Kg of Midazolam and Oxygen by Continuous Pretracheal Auscultation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;41(2):154-60. doi: 10.17796/1053-4628-41.2.154.
28. Gentz R, Casamassimo P, Amini H, Claman D, Smiley M. Safety and Efficacy of 3 Pediatric Midazolam Moderate Sedation Regimens. Anesth Prog. 2017;64(2):66-72. doi: 10.2344/anpr-64-02-04.
29. López-Vantour A, Aroche-Arzuaga A, Bestard-Romero J, Ocaña-Fontela N. Uso y abuso de las benzodiazepinas. Medisan. 2010;14(4):555-66.
30. Kuang H, Johnson JA, Mulqueen JM, Bloch MH. The efficacy of benzodiazepines as acute anxiolytics in children: A meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety. 2017;34(10):888-96 doi: 10.1002/da.22643.
31. Buffett-Jerrott S, Stewart S. Cognitive and sedative effects of benzodiazepine use. Curr Pharm Des. 2002;8(1):45-58. doi: 10.2174/1381612023396654.
32. McMillan C, Spahr-Schopfer I, Sikich N, Hartley E, Lerman J. Premedication of children with oral midazolam. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 1992;39(6):545-50.
33. Tavassoli-Hojjati S, Mehran M, Haghgoo R, Tohid-Rahbari M, Ahmadi R. Comparison of oral and buccal midazolam for pediatric dental sedation: a randomized, crossover, clinical trial for efficacy, acceptance and safety. Iran J Pediatr. 2014;24(2):198-206.
34. Salem K, Kamranzadeh S, Kousha M, Shaeghi S, AbdollahGorgi F. Two Oral Midazolam Preparations in Pediatric Dental Patients: A Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial. Int J Pediatr. 2015;2015:1-7. doi: 10.1155/2015/349795.
35. Houpt MI, Rosivack RG, Rozenfarb N, Koenigsberg SR. Effects of nitrous oxide on chloral hydrate sedation of young children. Anesth Prog. 1986;33(6):298-302.
36. Somri M, Parisinos CA, Kharouba J, Cherni N, Smidt A, Abu Ras Z et al. Optimising the dose of oral midazolam sedation for dental procedures in children: a prospective, randomised, and controlled study. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2012;22(4):271-279. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2011.01192.x.
37. Ascanio K, Núñez M. Sedación consciente en tratamiento odontológico: Efectividad de dos medicaciones en niños. Revista Científica Odontología Sanmarquina. Odontología Sanmarquina. 2009;12(2):52-6.
38. Bravo M, Flores Z, Barradas V. Operatoria dental con sedación en preescolares. Revista de la Asociación Dental Mexicana. 2009;66(3):34-9.
39. Mateo M. Premedicación anestésica con Midazolam en niños en el Hospital Regional de Ica, Perú. 2007-2008. Revista Médica Panacea. 2015;2(2):40-4.
40. Oriolo R, Sanabria JG, Oriolo L. Eficacia del Midazolam contra la ansiedad en niños de 1-3 años sometidos a cirugía. Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. 2014;18(3):388-400.
41. 41. Lourenço‐Matharu L, Ashley PF, Furness S. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. The Cochrane Library. 2012;(3):1-105. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003877.
42. Papineni A, Lourenço‐Matharu L, Ashley PF. Safety of oral midazolam sedation use in paediatric dentistry: a review. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2014;24(1):2-13. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12017.
43. Ritwik P, Cao LT, Curran R, Musselman RJ. Post-sedation events in children sedated for dental care. Anesth Prog. 2013;60(2):54-9. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-60.2.54.
44. Lee HH, Milgrom P, Starks H, Burke W. Trends in death associated with pediatric dental sedation and general anesthesia. Pediatric Anesthesia. 2013;23(8):741-6. doi: 10.1111/pan.12210.
45. Alzahrani AM, Wyne AH. Use of oral Midazolam sedation in pediatric dentistry: a Review. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal. 2012;32(3):444-5.
Cómo citar
Tello Aros, P., Herrera Bustamante, S., Terán Quezada, K., & Rojas Cáceres, D. (1). Uso del midazolam en el control y manejo de la ansiedad en niños durante la atención odontológica: una revisión bibliográfica. Ustasalud, 16, 69-77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15332/us.v16i0.2021
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