Wetting-Drying Resistance of a Lime Stabilized Soil Amended with Steel Slag and Reinforced with Fibres
Keywords:
Soil, Lime, Slag, Fibre, Strength, Durability
Abstract
The investigation dealt with the stabilization of expansive soil with combinations of lime, steel slag and reinforced with two types of fibres, copper filaments and polypropylene fibres. The investigation began with the characterization of the soil for its geotechnical properties. The initial consumption of lime required for the modification of the soil properties was determined from the Eades and Grim pH test. Cylindrical specimens of soil with dimensions 38 mm x 76 mm were cast using this lime content as a stabilizer along with varying quantities of steel slag for determination of optimum steel slag content. The pure lime stabilized soil as well as lime-steel slag modified soil specimens were reinforced with different proportions of copper filaments for determination of optimum fibre content. One dosage of polypropylene fibres was also adopted as reinforcement in specimen preparation. The optimal combinations identified were then subjected to a maximum of three cycles of wetting and drying followed by determination of unconfined compression strength (UCS). The expansive soil required a minimum of 3% lime for its modification. The optimum dosage of steel slag was identified as 5% and optimum copper filament content as 1%. Polypropylene content of 0.3% was also adopted as one combination. The results of the investigation revealed that lime stabilized fibre-reinforced soil with copper filaments was the most durable combination followed by polypropylene fibres. The introduction of steel slag in the mix could not generate enough beneficial durability to the soil after three cycles of wetting and drying.
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References
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24. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test For Soils:Part 1 - Preparation of Dry Soil Sample for Various Tests, 1–10, 1983.
25. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils:Part 5 Determination of Liquid and Plastic Limit, 1–16, 1985.
26. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils:Part 6 Determination of Shrinkage Factors, 1–12, 1972.
27. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils Part 3:Determination of Specific Gravity/Section 1 Fine Grained Soils, 1–8, 1980.
28. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils:Part 4 Grain Size Analysis, 1–38, 1985.
29. Sridharan, A. and Sivapullaiah, P.V., “Mini compaction test apparatus for fine grained soils,” Geotech. Test. J. 28(3):240–246, 2005, doi:10.1520/gtj12542.
30. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils:Part 10 - Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength, 1–4, 1991.
31. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils:Part 40 Determination of Free Swell Index of Soils, 1–5, 1977.
32. BIS, IS 1498 Classification and Identification of Soils for General Engineering Purposes, 4–24, 1970.
33. Eades, J.L. and Grim, R.E., “A Quick Test to Determine Lime Requirements for Lime Stabilization,” Highw. Res. Rec. 139:61–72, 1966.
34. ASTM, D6276 Standard Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement, 14:1–4, 2006.
35. BIS, IS 4332 Methods of Test for Stabilized Soils:Part 3 Test for Determination of Moisture Density Relations for Stabilized Soil Mixtures, 1–12, 1967.
36. James, J. and Pandian, P.K., “Effect of Phosphogypsum on Strength of Lime Stabilized Expansive Soil,” Gradevinar 66(12):1109–1116, 2014, doi:10.14256/JCE.1097.2014.
37. Jiang, H., Cai, Y., and Liu, J., “Engineering Properties of Soils Reinforced by Short Discrete Polypropylene Fiber,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 22(12):1315–1322, 2010, doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000129.
38. BIS, IS 4332 Methods of Test for Stabilized Soils:Part 5 Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Stabilized Soils, 1–22, 1970.
39. Hasan, H., Khabbaz, H., and Fatahi, B., “Strength Property of Expansive Soils Treated with Bagasse Ash,” in: Hoyos, L. R. and McCartney, J., eds., Advances in Characterization and Analysis of Expansive Soils and Rocks, Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Springer International Publishing, ISBN 978-3-319-61930-9: 24–35, 2017, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61931-6.
40. Muntohar, A.S., Widianti, A., Hartono, E., and Diana, W., “Engineering Properties of Silty Soil Stabilized with Lime and Rice Husk Ash and Reinforced with Waste Plastic Fiber,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25(9):1260–1270, 2013, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000659.
2. Guney, Y., Sari, D., Cetin, M., and Tuncan, M., “Impact of cyclic wetting–drying on swelling behavior of lime-stabilized soil,” Build. Environ. 42(2):681–688, 2007, doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.10.035.
3. Stoltz, G., Cuisinier, O., and Masrouri, F., “Weathering of a lime-treated clayey soil by drying and wetting cycles,” Eng. Geol. 181:281–289, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.08.013.
4. Cuisinier, O., Stoltz, G., and Masrouri, F., “Long Term Behaviour of Lime-Treated Clayey Soil Exposed to Successive Drying and Wetting,” Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers, ASCE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA: 4146–4155, 2014.
5. Aldaood, A., Bouasker, M., and Al-Mukhtar, M., “Impact of wetting–drying cycles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of lime-stabilized gypseous soils,” Eng. Geol. 174:11–21, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.002.
6. Tang, A.M., Vu, M.N., and Cui, Y.J., “Effects of the maximum soil aggregates size and cyclic wetting-drying on the stiffness of a lime-treated clayey soil,” Geotechnique 61(5):421–429, 2011, doi:10.1680/geot.SIP11.005.
7. Khattab, S.A.A., Al-Mukhtar, M., and Fleureau, J.M., “Long-Term Stability Characteristics of a Lime-Treated Plastic Soil,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 19(4):358–366, 2007.
8. James, J. and Pandian, P.K., “Industrial Wastes as Auxiliary Additives to Cement / Lime Stabilization of Soils,” Adv. Civ. Eng. 2016(Article ID 1267391):1–17, 2016, doi:doi.org/10.1155/2016/1267391.
9. Hoover, J.M., Handy, R.L., and Davidson, D.T., “Durability of Soil-Lime-Flyash Mixes Compacted Above Standard Proctor Density,” Highw. Res. Board 193:1–11, 1958.
10. Kampala, A., Horpibulsuk, S., Prongmanee, N., and Chinkulkijniwat, A., “Influence of wet-dry cycles on compressive strength of calcium carbide residue-fly ash stabilized clay,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26(4):633–643, 2014, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000853.
11. Sabat, A.K. and Nanda, R.P., “Effect of marble dust on strength and durability of Rice husk ash stabilised expansive soil,” Int. J. Civ. Struct. Eng. 1(4):939–948, 2011, doi:10.6088/ijcser.00202010080.
12. Yilmaz, F. and Fidan, D., “Effect of Wetting-Drying on the Volumetric Stability of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Lime and Perlite,” Eur. J. Tech. 7(2):207–218, 2017.
13. Harichane, K., Ghrici, M., and Kenai, S., “Effect of the combination of lime and natural pozzolana on the comdurability of clayey soils,” Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 15(Bund. L):1194–1210, 2010, doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1441-x.
14. Malekzadeh, M. and Bilsel, H., “Effect of polypropylene fiber on mechanical behaviour of expansive soils,” Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 17 A(Abduljauwad 1993):55–63, 2012.
15. Malekzadeh, M. and Bilsel, H., “Swell and Compressibility of Fiber Reinforced Expansive Soils,” Int. J. Adv. Technol. Civ. Eng. 1(2):42–46, 2012.
16. Phanikumar, B.R., Manvita, C., and Patnaik, R., “Influence of Wetting-Drying Cycles on Heave Behaviour of Fiber-Reinforced Expansive Soil Specimens,” Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2011, December 15-17, Kochi, India: 505–507, 2011.
17. Greeshma, P. and Joseph, M., “Rice straw Reinforcement for Improvement in Kuttanad clay,” Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2011, December 15-17, 449–452, 2011.
18. Prajisha, J.P. and Ajitha, A.R., “Effect of Banana Fibre Reinforcement in Lime Stabilized,” Proceedings of 50th Indian Geotechnical Conference, 17th - 19th December, Pune, India, 2015.
19. Anggraini, V., Asadi, A., Farzadnia, N., Jahangirian, H., and Huat, B.B.K., “Reinforcement benefits of nanomodified coir fiber in lime-treated marine clay,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28(6):1–8, 2016, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001516.
20. Sukontasukkul, P. and Jamsawang, P., “Use of steel and polypropylene fibers to improve flexural performance of deep soil – cement column,” Constr. Build. Mater. 29:201–205, 2012, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.040.
21. Fatahi, B., Khabbaz, H., and Fatahi, B., “Mechanical characteristics of soft clay treated with fibre and cement,” Geosynth. Int. 19(3):252–262, 2012, doi:10.1680/gein.12.00012.
22. Correia, A.A.S., Venda Oliveira, P.J., Teles, J.M.N.P.C., and Pedro, A.M.G., “Strength of a stabilised soil reinforced with steel fibres,” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. 170(GE4):312–321, 2017.
23. Muntohar, A.S. and Khasanah, I.A., “Effect of moisture on the strength of stabilized clay with lime-rice husk ash and fibre against wetting-drying cycle,” Int. J. Integr. Eng. 11(9 Special Issue):100–109, 2019.
24. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test For Soils:Part 1 - Preparation of Dry Soil Sample for Various Tests, 1–10, 1983.
25. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils:Part 5 Determination of Liquid and Plastic Limit, 1–16, 1985.
26. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils:Part 6 Determination of Shrinkage Factors, 1–12, 1972.
27. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils Part 3:Determination of Specific Gravity/Section 1 Fine Grained Soils, 1–8, 1980.
28. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils:Part 4 Grain Size Analysis, 1–38, 1985.
29. Sridharan, A. and Sivapullaiah, P.V., “Mini compaction test apparatus for fine grained soils,” Geotech. Test. J. 28(3):240–246, 2005, doi:10.1520/gtj12542.
30. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils:Part 10 - Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength, 1–4, 1991.
31. BIS, IS 2720 Methods of Test for Soils:Part 40 Determination of Free Swell Index of Soils, 1–5, 1977.
32. BIS, IS 1498 Classification and Identification of Soils for General Engineering Purposes, 4–24, 1970.
33. Eades, J.L. and Grim, R.E., “A Quick Test to Determine Lime Requirements for Lime Stabilization,” Highw. Res. Rec. 139:61–72, 1966.
34. ASTM, D6276 Standard Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement, 14:1–4, 2006.
35. BIS, IS 4332 Methods of Test for Stabilized Soils:Part 3 Test for Determination of Moisture Density Relations for Stabilized Soil Mixtures, 1–12, 1967.
36. James, J. and Pandian, P.K., “Effect of Phosphogypsum on Strength of Lime Stabilized Expansive Soil,” Gradevinar 66(12):1109–1116, 2014, doi:10.14256/JCE.1097.2014.
37. Jiang, H., Cai, Y., and Liu, J., “Engineering Properties of Soils Reinforced by Short Discrete Polypropylene Fiber,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 22(12):1315–1322, 2010, doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000129.
38. BIS, IS 4332 Methods of Test for Stabilized Soils:Part 5 Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Stabilized Soils, 1–22, 1970.
39. Hasan, H., Khabbaz, H., and Fatahi, B., “Strength Property of Expansive Soils Treated with Bagasse Ash,” in: Hoyos, L. R. and McCartney, J., eds., Advances in Characterization and Analysis of Expansive Soils and Rocks, Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Springer International Publishing, ISBN 978-3-319-61930-9: 24–35, 2017, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61931-6.
40. Muntohar, A.S., Widianti, A., Hartono, E., and Diana, W., “Engineering Properties of Silty Soil Stabilized with Lime and Rice Husk Ash and Reinforced with Waste Plastic Fiber,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25(9):1260–1270, 2013, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000659.
Published
2021-01-01
How to Cite
James, J., Kirubhakaran, A., Balamurukan, R., Jawahar, V., & Soorya, S. (2021). Wetting-Drying Resistance of a Lime Stabilized Soil Amended with Steel Slag and Reinforced with Fibres. ITECKNE, 18(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15332/iteckne.v18i1.2490
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Research and Innovation Articles
